"The paper estimates how the time needed to export goods, the monetary cost of doing so, and uncertain time frames impact exports from Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. It finds that the uncertainty and the high monetary costs traders face hold back exports from the five countries, along with remoteness from ports and global markets."

This publication was prepared by ADB in English language. Click here to access its full version.

Source: Asian Development Fund (ADB)

Illustration: ADB